Blizzard Sorcerer Endgame Build Guide for Diablo 4 (Season 4)

Build Introduction

The Blizzard Sorcerer utilizes Ice Spikes from Glacial Aspect to deal all of the damage, instead of the Damage Over Time on the Mastery Skill. This build excels at killing bosses due to the high sustained damage output once multiple Blizzards are stacked together. Although, the ramp up time to deal damage can make the Blizzard Sorcerer slower than other builds at finishing general activities in Diablo 4.

The Blizzard Sorcerer is a well-performing endgame build, but it is not efficient as a starter build for a new Sorcerer character. Check the Build Requirements for the Blizzard Sorcerer before getting started.

This guide assumes you have at least a Level 50 Sorcerer character. Check the Sorcerer Leveling Guide for builds made for Sorcerers from Level 1 to 49.

Strengths and Weaknesses

To see how this build compares to the other builds on our site, you can check out our build tier lists.

Build Requirements

As a starter build for a new Sorcerer character, the Blizzard Sorcerer deals low damage and struggles to sustain Mana. Blizzard has a high resource cost of 40 Mana, so specific gear is necessary to maintain consistent casting. We recommend starting with our Chain Lightning Leveling Guide to begin a new Sorcerer character, then transitioning to the Chain Lightning Endgame Guide to collect the required items listed below.

• Raiment of the Infinite is a highly recommended item to start the Blizzard Sorcerer build. This unique item enables a speed setup with Teleport Enchantment that efficiently clears Helltides, Nightmare Dungeons, and The Pit. Target-farm this item drop from Varshan or Lord Zir.
• Glacial Aspect with a high Ice Spike damage value
• Aspect of the Frozen Tundra
• Helm, Chest, and Boots with Mana per Second (or Harlequin Crest and Raiment of the Infinite)
• Wand, Focus, and Rings with Resource Cost Reduction (or Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop and Ring of Starless Skies)
• Worldly Stability Resource Tempering Manual
• Elixir of Resource greatly helps with Mana management on a starting character.

Skill Tree Points and Skill Bar

Skill Bar Setup for Blizzard Sorcerer (order does not matter)

Blizzard Frost Nova Ice Armor Teleport Lightning Spear Flame Shield

The Skill Tree above shows the full allocation of 58 Skill Points for the Blizzarard Sorceress build. Make sure you obtain the 10 Skill Points available from Renown.

Enchantment Slots

Non-Ultimate Skills can be equipped in two available Enchantment Slots. A skill must have at least one skill point allocated to it in order to be used in the Enchantment Slot. Skill points that have been granted through gear work as well.

Slot Fire Bolt in the first Enchantment Slot to benefit from Devouring Blaze and Burning bonuses from Paragon. Blizzard and Ice Spikes from Glacial Aspect do not work with the Fire Bolt Enchantment. Instead, use Teleport offensively on top of enemies to apply the Burning effect.

Slot Teleport in the second Enchantment Slot. Equip Raiment of the Infinite and Boots with the implicit effect, Attacks Reduce Evade’s Cooldown, to complete the Telestomp Build Variant for the fastest speed-farming setup.

Paragon

Paragon unlocks after reaching Level 50, and the progression system offers a considerable boost to character power. The images below provide a visual of each Paragon Board setup for the Blizzard Sorcerer.

Important Notes:

• Make sure you select the correct Legendary Boards and rotate them into the correct orientation.
• Attach Legendary Boards in the correct order, as bonus requirements of Rare Nodes increase with their placement order.
• Additional bonus requirements on Rare Glyphs may not be obtainable until they gain increased radius range at Level 15.

1. Starting Board (Destruction)

Socket Destruction for increased Critical Strike Damage and a separate damage multiplier.

2. Elemental Summoner (Flamefeeder)

Attach the Elemental Summoner board without any rotations. Socket Flamefeeder for increased damage to Burning targets. Prioritize leveling Flamefeeder to 15, as the increased radius is needed to allocate 25 Dexterity for the additional bonus. The Legendary Node on this board is not utilized.

3. Burning Instinct (Reinforced)

Rotate the Burning Instinct board 3 times before attachment. Socket Reinforced to boost the Damage Reduction stat on Smoldering Embers. Prioritize leveling Reinforced to 15 to gain increased radius, as it is needed to obtain the Damage Reduction in the additional bonus. The Legendary Node on this board is not utilized. Path to the bottom Board Attachment Gate first to continue.

4. Frigid Fate (Stalagmite)

Rotate the Frigid Fate board 1 time before attachment. Immediately obtain the Legendary Node to gain a separate multiplier that scales with Cold Damage. Socket Stalagmite to boost Ice Spike damage output.

5. Enchantment Master (Control)

Rotate the Enchantment Master board 1 time before attachment. Socket Control and prioritize leveling it to 15 to obtain the additional bonus. The Legendary Node on this board is not utilized.

6. Icefall

Path to the Board Attachment Gate on the left side of the Burning Instinct board to continue. Rotate the Icefall board 1 time before attachment. Immediately obtain the Legendary Node for another damage multiplier. The glyph socket on this board is not utilized.

Paragon Board images courtesy of d4builds.gg. Click this link for the Paragon planner.

Gear, Gems, Elixirs, and Stats

Season 4 brings an incredible shift in character progression systems. The major rework to itemization and crafting in Patch 1.4.0 changes the core mechanics of Diablo 4, and the changes will remain in effect beyond Season 4. For further details, read the overview in the Tempering and Masterworking section.

Legendary Aspects

Listed below are all the best-in-slot Aspects for the Blizzard Sorcerer build. Salvage Legendary Items with higher Aspect values to unlock them in the Codex of Power, and then imprint them onto Legendary Items with the preferred affixes.

Aspect of Frozen Wake does not increase the damage of Ice Spikes from Blizzard. Aspect of Frozen Wake can be imprinted to Freeze enemies faster, but it is not worth losing a damage multiplier from an Offensive Aspect.

Gear Slot	Aspect Name	Legendary Aspect Power
Amulet (+50% bonus effect)	Glacial Aspect	When you cast Blizzard it will periodically spawn exploding Ice Spikes that deal [X] damage. Your Ice Spikes deal 50% increased damage to Frozen enemies. Note: Unlock the highest tier possible for maximum Ice Spike damage.
Ring Slot #1 (replaced by Ring of Starless Skies)	Aspect of Shredding Blades	Ice Blades’ chance to apply Vulnerable is increased by +20% and the Vulnerable duration is increased by 4 seconds. You gain x [15 – 30%] Vulnerable Damage. Note: Use only for the Vulnerable Damage.
Ring Slot #2 (replaced by Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop)	Aspect of Control	You deal [25-35%] more damage to Immobilized, Stunned, or Frozen enemies.
Dagger, Focus, or Gloves	Aspect of the Frozen Tundra	While Deep Freeze is active, exploding Ice Spikes form in the area, dealing [X] Cold Damage. Your Ice Spikes have [50%] increased explosion radius. Note: Use only for the increased explosion radius for more hits against enemies.
Dagger, Focus, or Gloves	Storm Swell Aspect	You deal x [21 – 30%] increased damage to Vulnerable enemies while you have a Barrier.
Dagger, Focus, or Gloves	Conceited Aspect	Deal [15 – 25%] increased damage while you have a Barrier active.
Chest (replaced by Raiment of the Infinite)	Everliving Aspect	You take [20 – 25%] less damage from Crowd Controlled or Vulnerable enemies.
Helm (replaced by Harlequin Crest)	Snowveiled Aspect	Casting Ice Armor makes you Unstoppable and grants 30% bonus Armor for [3.0 – 5.0] seconds.
Pants (replaced by Tibault’s Will)	Snowguard’s Aspect	While within your own Blizzard and for 3 seconds after leaving it, you take [15 – 30%] less damage.
Boots	Craven Aspect	You gain [20 – 40%] increased Movement Speed when moving away from Slowed or Chilled enemies.

Gems

Listed below are the best Gems to socket into gear for each item type.

Slot	Gems
Weapon	Royal Sapphire for increased Vulnerable Damage.
Armor	Royal Ruby for increased Maximum Life.
Jewelry	Any Resistance Gems needed or Royal Skull for Armor.

Elixirs

Visit the Alchemist in any main town to craft helpful Elixirs that increase stats and experience gain for 30 minutes. Make sure to forage plants and pick up the necessary crafting materials during your adventures; they randomly spawn around the world. Elixirs can also drop randomly from enemies and chests during many activities in Diablo 4. Listed below are the best Elixirs to consume, ranked by importance.

1. Elixir of Precision provides the highest damage output increase, if not already capped at 100% Critical Strike Chance.
2. Elixir of Advantage increases damage output, if not already capped at 100% Attack Speed bonus from gear and Paragon.
3. Elixir of Resource helps with Mana issues, if you do not already have the appropriate Mana gear. This elixir is highly recommended for starting characters to maintain constant casts of Blizzard.
4. Elixir of Fortitude is the best general purpose option for survivability. Increased Maximum Life grants larger Barriers from Protection and Ice Armor.
5. Elixir of Iron Barbs can provide a high amount of Physical Damage Reduction. Armor becomes more effective as you approach the Armor cap (9,320 against monster level 100 and above).
6. Specific Resistance Elixirs can be utilized to survive against Uber Bosses with elemental attacks.

Return to the Alchemist again when you reach Level 20, 30, 45, 60, 70, 80 and 90, to upgrade your potion. The extra healing is essential to survival.

Stat Priority and Tempering Affixes

Listed below are the affixes to prioritize on gear for Blizzard Sorcerers. Each line of affixes are listed in order of importance. Affixes on the same line are considered to be equally important, but their benefits may vary depending on how much is stacked or other character stats. Bolded affixes are the most important targets for Masterworking upgrades.

An One-handed Weapon and Focus setup is preferred over a Staff for speed farming activities, due to the beneficial utility affixes available on a Focus. However, a Staff setup can provide more damage against Bosses. Moving Glacial Aspect from an Amulet to a Staff results in a 1.33 times multiplier (2 / 1.5) on the base damage of Ice Spikes, at the cost of a slower Weapon Speed compared to a One-Handed Weapon.

A Dagger is preferred over a Wand as this build does not rely on Lucky Hit effects.

The priority order of Resistances is Lightning > Poison > Fire > Cold > Shadow. Maximum Resistance is 70% by default for each element and can be increased to 85% by various sources.

The Ranks to Blizzard affix is not needed. This stat does not increase the damage of Ice Spikes, which contributes almost all of the damage output in this build.

Temper enough Cold Damage affixes from the Frost Finesse Manual to gain the maximum 30% damage multiplier from Frigid Fate. Once you have enough Cold Damage to cap the Frigid Fate bonus, temper Damage to Close Enemies from the Natural Finesse Manual on the remaining Offensive slots.

If you are using Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop, temper a Lucky Hit Chance to Deal Poison/Shadow Damage affix from the Elemental Surge Manual on a weapon slot to gain the 4th damage stack. Only one Elemental Surge temper is needed on either the One-handed weapon or the Focus, as the Tal Rasha buff has a maximum stack limit of 4. Otherwise, there are no other useful tempers in the Weapon category.

Do not use the Blizzard Size affix from the Frost Augments Manual. The effect causes Ice Spikes to appear in a wider range, lowering single-target damage output.

If you are using a speed setup with Teleport Enchantment, temper the Evade Cooldown Reduction affix from the Natural Motion Manual onto your Boots and Amulet. Otherwise, temper the Movement Speed or Teleport Cooldown Reduction affixes.

Check the Tempering and Masterworking section for more details on Blacksmith upgrading.

Slot	Gear Affixes	Tempering Affixes
Wand	1. Maximum Life 2. Intelligence, Critical Strike Damage, Vulnerable Damage	Elemental Surge (Weapon): Lucky Hit Chance to Deal Poison or Shadow Damage Frost Finesse (Offensive): Cold Damage
Focus	1. Critical Strike Chance, Cooldown Reduction 2. Resource Cost Reduction 3. Maximum Life, Intelligence	Elemental Surge (Weapon): Lucky Hit Chance to Deal Poison or Shadow Damage Frost Finesse (Offensive): Cold Damage
Helm	1. Mana per Second, Cooldown Reduction 2. Intelligence 3. Maximum Life, Resistances, Armor	Natural Schemes (Utility): Crowd Control Duration Worldly Endurance (Defensive): Maximum Life
Chest	1. Mana per Second, Ranks to Defensive Skills, Ranks to Teleport 2. Resistances, Armor 3. Maximum Life, Intelligence	Natural Schemes (Utility): Crowd Control Duration Worldly Endurance (Defensive): Maximum Life
Gloves	1. Critical Strike Chance, Attack Speed 2. Resource Cost Reduction 3. Lucky Hit Chance, Intelligence, Critical Strike Damage, Vulnerable Damage	Natural Finesse (Offensive): Damage to Close Enemies Natural Schemes (Utility): Crowd Control Duration
Pants	1. Resistances, Armor 2. Maximum Life, Intelligence	Natural Schemes (Utility): Crowd Control Duration Worldly Endurance (Defensive): Maximum Life
Boots	Implicit Stat: Attacks Reduce Evade’s Cooldown 1. Mana per Second, Movement Speed 2. Resistances, Armor 3. Maximum Life, Intelligence	Natural Motion (Mobility): Evade Cooldown Reduction Natural Schemes (Utility): Crowd Control Duration
Amulet	1. Ranks to Devouring Blaze, Critical Strike Chance, Cooldown Reduction 2. Attack Speed, Resource Cost Reduction	Natural Motion (Mobility): Evade Cooldown Reduction Natural Finesse (Offensive): Damage to Close Enemies
Rings	1. Critical Strike Chance, Attack Speed, Resource Cost Reduction 2. Intelligence, Critical Strike Damage, Vulnerable Damage	Worldly Stability (Resource): Resource Generation or Resource Cost Reduction Natural Finesse (Offensive): Damage to Close Enemies

Unique Items

Listed below are the recommended and optional Unique Items for the Blizzard Sorcerer build. Each item description includes the most important affix to target for Masterworking upgrades.

• Raiment of the Infinite (highly recommended) synergizes well with the Blizzard Sorcerer to group and Stun enemies. Check the Telestomp Variant section for more details.
  • Masterworking Priority: Ranks of the Glass Cannon Passive
• Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop (recommended) can provide up to a 60% damage multiplier with 4 elemental stacks.
  • Masterworking Priority: Cooldown Reduction
• Ring of Starless Skies (recommended) is the best Uber Unique Item for the Blizzard Sorcerer. The unique effect provides a 40% damage multiplier and solves any Mana issues.
  • Masterworking Priority: Critical Strike Chance
• Harlequin Crest (recommended) provides additional Ranks to Defensive Skills and 20% Damage Reduction, if you are lucky enough to find this Uber Unique Item.
  • Masterworking Priority: Cooldown Reduction
• Fists of Fate (optional) increases overall damage by 50%, if they roll a perfect 300% value. They are comparable to well-rolled Legendary Gloves with Attack Speed, Critical Strike Chance, and an Offensive Aspect.
  • Masterworking Priority: Lucky Hit Chance to Restore Primary Resource
• Tibault’s Will (recommended) provides a damage multiplier effect and a Damage Reduction from Close Enemies affix that is not usually obtainable in the Pants slot, in addition to Mana generation. Alternate activations of the damage buff with Teleport and Flame Shield.
  • Masterworking Priority: Damage Reduction from Close Enemies

Season 4: Loot Reborn

The following list details the changes in the Season 4 Update (Patch 1.4.0) that may pertain to Blizzard Sorcerers. Check the Changelog for all the other guide updates.

• Mastery Skills are now also considered Core Skills.
• Tibault’s Will
  • Damage increase while Unstoppable reduced from 20-40% to 10-20%.
  • Damage increase persists for 1 second longer after being Unstoppable.
• Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop
  • Maximum stacks now capped at four.
  • All Resistance variants increased from 8%/3% to 10%/4%.
• Lightning Spear
  • Damage increased by 8% (.15 to .16).
• Ice Armor
  • Enhanced Ice Armor
    • Mana Regeneration increased from 25% to 30%.
  • Shimmering Ice Armor
    • Previous – Enemies that hit you while Ice Armor is active have a 15% chance to become Frozen for 3.23 seconds.
    • Now – While Ice Armor is active, you reduce its Cooldown by 1 second for every 50 Mana you spend.
  • Mystical Ice Armor
    • Previous – Damage against Vulnerable enemies contributes 50% more to Ice Armor’s Barrier.
    • Now – While Ice Armor is active, you periodically Chill Close enemies for 20% and deal 15% increased damage to Frozen enemies.
• Shimmering Frost Nova
  • Previous – Frost Nova generates 4 Mana per enemy hit.
  • Now – Frost Nova grants 3% Dodge Chance per enemy hit, up to 15%. Hitting a Boss gives the maximum amount. For the next 8 seconds, you keep this effect, and successful Dodges generate 20 Mana.
• Flame Shield
  • Enhanced Flame Shield
    • Previous – Flame Shield grants 25% increased Movement Speed while active.
    • Now – Flame Shield has a 50% larger burn radius.
  • Mystical Flame Shield
    • Previous – You gain 25% Mana Cost Reduction while Flame Shield is active.
    • Now – After Flame Shield ends, surrounding enemies are Stunned for 3 seconds and your next Skill within 10 seconds is a guaranteed Critical Strike.
• Teleport
  • Enhanced Teleport
    • Previous – Teleport’s Cooldown is decreased by 0.5 seconds per enemy hit, up to 3 seconds.
    • Now – You gain 30% Movement Speed for 3 seconds after Teleporting.
  • Mystical Teleport
    • Previous – For 4 seconds after Teleporting, Crackling Energy hits 2 additional enemies.
    • Now – Teleport deals 500% increased damage. It also forms a Crackling Energy for each enemy it hits, up to 3.
• Elemental Attunement
  • Cooldown reset chance increased from 5% to 7%.
• Mana Shield
  • Damage Reduction increased from 7% to 8%.
• Devouring Blaze
  • Crowd Controlled enemies now provide the damage bonus instead of Immobilized.
• Conjuration Mastery
  • Previous – You gain 1% increased damage for each active conjuration.
  • Now – You gain 1% increased damage, 1% Movement Speed, and 2% Mana Generation for each active Conjuration.
• Snowguard’s Aspect
  • Damage reduction increased from 10-25% to 15-30%.
• Aspect of Disobedience
  • Armor stacks no longer fall off independently. They now refresh or reset at the same time.
  • Armor gain changed to 25-40%.
• Aspect of the Bounding Conduit
  • Previous – Gain 15-30% Movement Speed for 3 seconds after Teleporting.
  • Now – Teleport’s Cooldown is reduced by 1.0-2.5 seconds. After Teleporting, Crackling Energy hits 2 additional enemies for 5 seconds.
• Tactician
  • New Functionality: Now lasts 4 seconds longer for each Defensive Skill not on your Action Bar.
• Winter
  • Cold damage increase maximum raised from 15% to 18%.

Advanced Information

Additional details are provided in the following sections for a more in-depth explanation of the Blizzard Sorcerer. Read this advanced information after understanding the basic overview of the build in the previous sections.

Build Mechanics

The Blizzard Sorcerer requires careful management of resource and multiple cooldowns. Only 1 Skill Point is allocated in Blizzard, as this build does not rely on the Damage Over Time portion of the skill. Instead, Ice Spikes from Glacial Aspect deal almost all the damage in the build.

Casting Frost Nova to Freeze an entire pack of enemies enables damage increases from Enhanced Blizzard, Aspect of Control and Control.

Vulnerable status is applied through Mystical Frost Nova or Lightning Spear.

Shatter is recommended starting Key Passives for the Blizzard Sorcerer. Esu’s Ferocity can be combined with Aspect of Ancient Flame for a maximum damage setup, but the increased Attack Speed requires a high amount of Mana management gear. Avalanche is not worthwhile for due to the low Lucky Hit Chance of Blizzard.

Damage Rotation

Use the following rotation to optimize damage.

1. Pre-cast Blizzard a few times from a distance to start ramping up damage and Chill.
2. Use Teleport offensive on top of enemies to apply Burning status through Fire Bolt Enchantment. This playstyle is more effective with the stun and vortex from Raiment of the Infinite (see Telestomp variant).
3. Cast Frost Nova or Lightning Spear to apply Vulnerable status to enemies.
4. Cast Flame Shield or Ice Armor for protection and Unstoppable when needed.
5. Continue casting Blizzard until enemies are defeated.

Telestomp with Raiment of the Infinite

Raiment of the Infinite allows the Blizzard Sorcerer to use 2 sources of Teleport offensively. Teleporting on top of enemies to Stun and group them up is called “Telestomping”. This playstyle can quickly clear groups of enemies and keep them Crowd Controlled (CC) for safety, perfect for speed-farming Helltides, Nightmare Dungeons, and The Pit!

Use the following setup for the Telestomp Blizzard Sorcerer.

• Equip Raiment of the Infinite to enable Telestomps. Target-farm Raiment of the Infinite from Varshan or Lord Zir for the best chances of it dropping.
• Equip Teleport in an Enchantment Slot.
• Equip Boots with the implicit effect, Attacks Reduce Evade’s Cooldown. Prioritize the Ranks of Teleport affix.

Tempering and Masterworking

The Season 4 update (Patch 1.4.0) introduces a rework for itemization. Tempering and Masterworking brings the biggest change to itemization since the release of Diablo 4, so make sure you understand the new systems explained in this section.

The amount of affixes on items has been changed to reflect its rarity: Normal Items have no affixes, Magic Items have 1 affix, Rare Items have 2 affixes, Legendary Items have 3 affixes, and Unique Items have 4 affixes. Upgrading a Rare Item to a Legendary Item by imprinting a Legendary Aspect from the Codex of Power will not add a third affix. Therefore, Legendary Items are superior to lower rarity items for a min-maxed character.

Greater Affixes are a newly added mechanic that increases the value of an affix by 50%. Ancestral Legendary Items and Unique Items can now drop with up to 4 Greater Affixes! Search for items with your preferred Greater Affixes to upgrade with Tempering and Masterworking.

Tempering and Masterworking is an important system, even mandatory in the endgame, for character progression. You are able to add 2 additional affixes on any Rare Item or Legendary Item, exclusive to the Tempering System. An Ancestral Legendary Item can have up to 5 total affixes! Unfortunately, Unique Items cannot be tempered to add affixes.

Masterworking uses new crafting materials found in The Pit to further enhance the stats of an item. These upgrades can be applied on an Ancestral Legendary Item that has its Tempering Slots filled out. Unique Items can be upgraded with Masterworking right away, as tempering does not apply to them. Each item has 12 upgrade slots. On upgrade Ranks 4, 8, and 12, a random affix is increased in value by 25%. Every other upgrade Rank applies a 5% increase to all affixes on an item. Attempt to apply the bonus 25% upgrade to your preferred affix multiple times by resetting the Masterworking Ranks to repeat the process.

Obol Gambling

Obol gambling is a great way to potentially find item upgrades or items missing from your build. Use Obols on your target equipment for a chance to receive Greater Affixes. Check out the new tool from Icy Veins for gambling Obols in the link below.

Changelog

• May 15th, 2024: Priority Affixes updated with game changes made since the Season 4 PTR.
• May 14th, 2024: Guide updated for Season 4 (Patch 1.4.0)
• March 19th, 2024:
  • Build Requirements section added.
  • Skill Tree reworked slightly.
• March 5th, 2024: Guide updated for the Mid Season 3 Update (Patch 1.3.3).
• January 22nd, 2024: Guide updated for Season 3 (Patch 1.3.0).
  • Seneschal Construct Companion Powers section added.
  • Barrier Generation updated in the Stat Priority List due to the Protection passive bug fix.
• November 9th, 2023: Tal Rasha’s Iridescent Loop added to Unique Item section.
• November 1st, 2023: Resistances added to Stat Priority List and Gem sections.
• October 26th, 2023:
  • Minor adjustment to Aspect priority.
  • New item, Tibault’s Will, added to Unique Item section.
• October 17th, 2023: Guide updated for Season 2 (Patch 1.2.0).
• August 15th, 2023: Caged Heart of Tal’Rasha fixed in Patch 1.1.2 to be correctly calculated as multiplicative instead of additive. Malignant Heart Tier List adjusted accordingly.
• August 9th, 2023: Malignant Heart rankings reevaluated for Patch 1.1.1 changes.
  • Caged Heart of The Barber no longer prevents “on hit” effects and Lucky Hit chance from working.
  • Caged Heart of Spellbreaking now reduces all damage taken, instead of providing resistances to individual elements.
  • Caged Heart of Tal’Rasha bonus was found to be additive with other damage increases, instead of separate multiplier.
• July 18th, 2023: Guide updated for Season 1. Destruction is now usable to increase Critical Strike Damage on Ice Spikes and has been included in the Paragon setup.