Guide to Island Sanctuaries Gathering in FFXIV

Your island hosts a whole range of items both from mining, botany and spearfishing. None of these require the actual Disciple of Land class, but instead use any class and crafted tools to provide upgrades and obtain more materials.

Every time you hit a node you gain 10 experience and one item, with an upgraded tool you can one additional second item but no increased yield.

Using the gathering log in game you can find a handy list of farming locations for each item making it easy to specialise.

Each Tool has a rank requirement to unlock inside of the crafting log and allows you to gain more items.

Rank	Item	Unlocks
1	Stone Hatchet	Palm Leaf, Vine, Islewort, Pumpkin/Cabbage Seeds, Sand, Branch, Sap, Stone, Clam, Laver, Coral, Apple, Log, Palm Log
3	Stone Hammer	Limestone, Copper, Rock Salt
5	Shovel	Clay, Tinsand, Popoto/Parsnip Seeds
6	Copper Scythe	Sugarcane, Cotton, Hemp
7	Bronze Gig	Islefish, Squid, Jellyfish
8	Bronze Beakaxe	Iron Ore, Leucogranite, Quartz
9	Iron Hatchet	Reson, Coconut, Beehive Chip, Wood Opal
10		Multicolored Isleblooms, flight required to access area

Each item that you can gather is also spread around the map in a range of areas. Most items also has areas more densly filled with a specific item making it possible to farm large amounts of what you want. The only exception is items gathered using an iron hatchet from rank 9 which are spread around the map.

Just like open world gathering you can respawn nodes but unlike the open world you need to gather 11 nodes for the first node to spawn making loops much longer.

This an updated map posted to reddit by user LucarioMagic That shows the approximate locations of each item.

There is an achievement to gather 30k items inside of the island sanctuary. You need only 10k items to reach rank 10 but with rank 10 you gain flight and access to a few secret areas.

True Summit is the peak of the mountain at 25,16. It houses exactly enough quartz and other minerals to consistently farm in the same spot making it much faster to get the achievement. This is also by far the best xp route netting around 11-12k island xp an hour..